Indonesia is a country whose the areas are mostly surrounded by coast and marine. As we know, in the marine and coast, we can discover variety of existing animals and coral reefs. People who live in coast are called coastal community. Coastal community’s profession consists of fishers and merchants. Coastal community depends so much on creature in the coast and marine because, their livelihood is gained from marine. However, the excessive use of catching creature in the marine can affect a bad impact to fish’s life, coral reefs and other creatures in the coast and marine. In according to Hermansyah and Febriani (2020), in fact, beside nature factors such as hurricane, global climate change, earthquake and so on, human factors are also the cause of the damaged coral reef. Even, the damage that occurs by human factors is more dangerous because the impact is permanent. The catching activities such as the use of poisoned chemical, explosives, as well as uncontrolled catching become the factors. Despite a lot of disadvantageous that have been carried out by human in marine and coast, we are still able to overcome them by making a social campaign about how important natural resources of coast and marine are, applying coral reef transplantation and punishing people who use dangerous fishing tools.
Firstly, social campaign is very useful to increase coastal community awareness particularly about how important natural resources of coast and marine are. The content of it can be about the reduction of garbage waste especially inorganic garbage. Inorganic garbage can spread pollution to the sea water. Just imagine what will happen if the fish eats an inorganic garbage. It will be poisoned and the population of the fish will gradually decrease. Moreover, if the fish is eaten by humans, they will feel itchy, stomachache, or even worse dead. This social campaign can be conducted through a printed ads on newspaper, an related event, or social media namely Facebook, Instagram, or Whatsapp. Recently, social media is accessible by people across country including coastal community. If it is provided creatively, a social campaign can be very contributive and coastal community will be educated through the ease of information it gives. Then, the natural resources of coast and marine will restore as time goes by.
After that, applying coral reef transplantation can be an effort to do rehabilitation of coral reef which is increasingly broken. Doing coral reef transplantation is capable of making a big impact because, coral reef plays an important role as a place for marine biota to live. The functions of coral reef transplantation are to expand the coral reef area and restore coral reef ecosystem. Coral reef transplantation is able to increase the population of fish that is nesting in coral reef as well. According to Subhan et al. (2014), the materials to do coral reef transplantation method were from rack, nets, and substrate. This early method gave satisfying result and it continued in thousand islands up to 2004. Therefore, nowadays, it is implemented in some areas in Indonesia where there are activities of coral reef rehabilitation. Educated people who are credible in marine field should grant the coral reef transplantation. Government must also assist the stakeholder to ease the process of coral reef transplantation because, by the success of coral reef transplantation, it can contribute to tourism income.
Furthermore, after increasing the awareness of coastal community through social campaign and finding method by implementing the coral reef transplantation, the next step is to prevent the bad fishers to use a dangerous fishing tools. Based on article 7 of the constitution of 2021 says that fishing catch tools which are dangerous are fishing catch tools that threaten biota extinction, cause the destroyed habitat and endanger user safety. Government must firmly sentence the bad fishers who keep using dangerous fishing catch tools in order to make them deterred. If the user of dangerous fishing catch tools is prevented, the coral reef will be safe and preserved from impact which causes damage. So that, the coral reef is able to be restored.
Finally, from those statements above, we can conclude that marine and coast are very essential for us in particular coastal community. People have damaged coast and marine caused by the excessive use of dangerous fishing tools. Nevertheless, we are capable of solving the disadvantageous by doing social campaign that can increase people awareness, applying the coral reef transplantation in order to restore the coral reef and fish habitat, as well as making a rule to make dangerous fishing tool user deterred. In addition, Not only government or coastal community but also people around the world must protect marine and coast because, by preserving coast, we can save marine biota and its habitat from damage. Therefore, it depends on our effort to save their life sustainable because we need the coast and marine at all.
Bibliography
Hermansyah and Febriani F. 2020. Enviromental Damage Impact of Coral Reef Ecosystem. Jurnal Kependudukan dan Pembangunan Lingkungan. 1(3). 42-51.
Subhan B, Maddupa H, Arafat D, Soedharma D. 2014. Can Coral Transplantation Fix Coral Reef Ecosystem? Journal Risalah Kebijakan Pertanian dan Lingkungan. 1(3). 159-164.
https://jdih.kkp.go.id/peraturan/f06f4-permen-kp-18-tahun-2021.pdf
